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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网! `6 v2 }& ^6 _ E( C* J& ^5 x+ emso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ! K/ V7 C* x; ?( d6 r/ l8 s3 q$ H! P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。3 c: n$ C1 c$ x4 e# f3 @9 C; Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 @* I( G, C; A! W. ?+ B( qmso-font-kerning:0pt">58 d7 y) c& ]5 _2 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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3 l0 s) Y9 i. [8 ~* H3 i o }mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:5 |+ x! L1 X5 v( A2 F* N% T. wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 F2 T3 h, [) |$ X! P- l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。1 ]( v. j. B2 x4 M" p/ U% }/ O2 K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:8 W6 P9 m3 N% @( m- q8 B
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1 [& ? L/ J' O& X3 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。6 ^2 K6 X* v: s/ s4 B9 x2 y, icolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ P0 E) [& |( r6 h1 ITahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;6 X8 d( ]9 ^) {+ t6 M
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:! Z. @: i% c3 ~" M# g4 I" S
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9 z5 @$ R0 x: Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?) p) X, J& t5 H. z- n3 N3 umso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 U- B' D+ U: v7 `- u% C+ U& J3 f1 |
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# ]6 M3 P6 J% bmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:$ w3 H0 h2 a5 k8 x' r: Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 }- Z: ?" F6 Smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
% M, |1 ^- W. Y( D% ymso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。, `& ~: H% s& P) k7 d, F
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' E+ v" n* G3 n6 W% m1 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。; o" `! @( F" G$ V2 r5 a. W: K
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& I1 h |; U1 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:( C/ ?# }+ ?6 H" m, Y% j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。2 y4 L/ v8 J' C3 u' ]3 o( d10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">” C* c- }: d; u h: _4 q
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% {4 |7 _$ F1 omso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:/ s4 B. A. Z, Q3 P4 P# q0pt">" y0 K6 @" E, ]0 j1 e
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。6 Q0 Z t: w: m9 l0 K: H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:$ Q% I( U+ {5 W& @2 a
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- A8 [+ C; c# n2 E. Y" imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢$ X0 o5 i. @9 e3 N: Q4 w* q5 c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:% t: l2 `5 P8 w3 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"" [. j1 r3 r) t U
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4 Z, G! ? {4 c0 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。. A1 N; z1 o) _2 r S- Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是# r: l. |3 F) c5 r& q f10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 |6 @' z4 H: sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 X3 h/ A. f8 R" e: W3 ^/ l
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违' [: x8 }3 s* \) a. E10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 Z; \3 n& Q+ _1 |7 L$ `' S( t! \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得) }3 b7 S9 o" t! }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* i6 Q0 G( ^' s$ _6 m/ i' m. [' e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲" e7 B( P; l3 U, A/ @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* X# ^/ m2 m2 x! _
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& d9 H0 T8 }/ r& p2 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,3 t" X p) d& X8 c, l9 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 _! ?" C6 `5 u1 O- P% K* F( E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。9 e8 W" {; T- |+ u# |2 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" B g( g+ Y$ V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。2 G7 l- Q2 W- S% smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?8 s& j/ o/ h6 u! L: V) ]3 f' A10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。8 _! U! G& { A+ l! ~5 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义: F1 T0 x' ^0 D* K8 }- qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!/ h' k; j( l& Y- x$ J; u; umso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 }! g/ v. `& ?, G$ Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。' v# G5 [& q" r6 V7 H% ]- D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述1 }7 H4 d) x$ P& ^3 J! Q3 O% ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">23 n& K( a# M1 J5 Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 Q0 r- e/ G0 q: p" O2 L
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊 c5 Y; _. ?. Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。8 L Z4 C/ I6 e' Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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% i& r" B* ~' y" s9 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。! g9 m+ Z; C" ^3 W+ j3 m: p- v" D
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! s- y J( w5 t9 T! U; imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。% b" O# I& O+ S, i
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* R' B1 ^ [& M6 ]3 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:; J. J, }7 \7 m L$ j9 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) o; G6 X& R" f- Y" m- n7 @) Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 E# D) E- h, N! i$ ~. T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。 w0 p$ y5 [6 J7 G3 Z: F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个& y5 s, y" u- |4 n+ v' O. |1 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) q* |, p( Q2 f d
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6 p+ B! M4 y7 J$ I- u# D ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬* F5 q- C3 v3 D" c- fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ ?! N' W2 [" s+ I& I4 V
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. u# r* Y, P( G- z8 p$ [% X. }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为! m6 S: t! M+ E( o4 n
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; o y M, C3 t1 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道8 Q; r# O- j. L. u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。, T1 J+ h& w r3 X9 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 l! Z2 H9 j1 [9 n2 Z! P/ wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的. J% |" q* V# t" a# h0 T g4 H( a4 S- y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思2 C. t7 m/ ~. kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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