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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网7 U$ n# Z: Z1 A/ C) R
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3 S5 N/ v9 k- q( F- ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。 v* A0 J W: c( o/ e* wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 S1 k& ` N# ~8 i) ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：9 l8 G) d8 K# j$ D/ g
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! f+ n" j5 a4 t0 R' u. Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ X- P1 z, K! Y, Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">5$ s" M9 M+ M3 Y$ _5 P' Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( C' ~' X: `/ ?* y1 Q$ \+ {) h0 W# O/ Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章： n* M. V3 n y/ h' e- q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：5 _) G: z! H5 `; k# k: K7 L" f# @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 I# V7 s; @# V+ ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;9 _% R! g& a) w9 a8 A; M- `
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。1 {5 ]4 `& m5 \9 |' h$ M
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* Q. p( E% D+ z6 [' ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：6 f. E5 @6 m/ F% x! J( v/ Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) c$ I H* D# s* \7 d# m% Dmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;7 W: W* Y$ b0 s
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。6 f( L# w R5 ?: ^; y: b4 b$ e' ~' U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：' s3 s1 s! l9 [. ?4 ~3 D& M9 ~
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; S/ F9 B' P2 C3 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？1 I: u8 D, y K2 ]9 y
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4 v! ~+ t0 l# }# Q- l9 @9 i; _mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。+ }" G! M$ k" [5 A- F4 Z, C( Ncolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。+ V* Q' r6 v6 A" Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：! [6 D8 P& I$ W% R+ \+ t9 B0 W5 W
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# N W/ X0 ?& O$ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。7 e" ]& N* B k( q3 h" l3 R. f10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 N$ b% P+ X# Z1 imso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
: @5 g. U6 r5 @4 j9 r* Y# R$ ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：+ N% g" J9 r; z) B0pt">"/ P* I: W$ r( J/ y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。, O' r/ p4 l& a( p+ S) ?# q' O0 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 r" ] W) o( }. H( J
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" E" b& q8 U7 P7 m5 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：. w% V& ]2 c" y3 q' Q5 [; Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ m/ K: C7 `1 f0 o/ ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 G, A3 ~" B& J8 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢" X) A. K8 r3 g( Q" Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 8 z3 {" Q. c3 e# ?* h/ W3 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
W* ]& U' B8 H; C# p; Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说： P7 Y4 X: `6 V9 U
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1 h8 d0 @4 A' U! R$ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。. a4 v0 p2 h7 [ c3 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是( L" ]3 g+ e8 U# f. h
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6 \4 R l. m1 d. N3 g8 x( P+ omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违6 q. K3 Z* |7 I& S& u6 u. o5 ?
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+ Q$ A7 U2 v( k" R6 D5 J& jmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得+ z& q8 \: t: R3 H
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9 D& L/ a( R9 t$ p# Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违# H. N' @6 p1 u6 W1 k. U
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6 {2 Q' C; y3 _7 k1 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲* b. M6 Z3 G) |' p- W: D1 J
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& t( L2 [7 v" t2 [ ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违 i4 `) c8 m, R* L' M1 p0 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，) p! ~/ Z# Z2 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& ]5 a1 V9 R4 E9 Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。8 b0 b5 ^3 Z, q& R7 n; Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ u2 m1 [( s( ~+ q' v( kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 X n5 ?' e! B* Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。$ b! J |- k: G u3 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ R# [. S4 f. c6 r3 Y, Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？" D7 f; D8 m: C5 C& s }2 f7 N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- \" u; V' V% u1 S9 ?) v8 t, Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。0 D9 Q, @1 C8 a. Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义: s+ ~, `7 `' j- r& u6 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) W8 S; _5 r4 H* b* p. J3 M! YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！/ @& x" M! V5 w6 O2 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">——! _5 ]. v: q" jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 M/ j( A# e6 ]3 W$ f5 _0 I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。+ [ i% \& y# a: z* U
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4 L" g! A$ J& d" {$ a1 g7 QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述+ i3 `: m) p* V, Emso-font-kerning:0pt">2# s8 Z! E* {9 i+ ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊2 I5 x L- r& c" d9 X: K/ C- lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。+ j$ ^% G! N; H. a& }. A8 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。 q/ S% e4 f( {' b
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1 Z- L9 M4 E. O/ V/ vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' D9 M2 B# [6 i r7 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：5 J- z; l7 O7 y9 h+ u6 s$ m( y1 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。: k5 H% X, u: b! n8 R* U
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4 ]% {- t( J; L2 y$ _; @- ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个& E7 v% F& b7 E! |& gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" l6 d4 l5 c" T1 r/ \6 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬( ?/ k8 B1 T4 i7 p7 umso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 f \0 Q: D$ G* Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: V' J Y Z. c7 b3 W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为( \8 I* J9 U, {9 v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道* p# B% P2 P6 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。( c5 ^ i8 Q/ }" m7 H
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* H. Y/ y3 a$ C/ Q& j! n4 x& CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的 V; l9 P9 a( i+ f& G# |. Y6 v( W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思2 z+ E4 m3 @9 D( J: _! D1 ~$ F
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