郧西县安家乡人畜饮水情况调查报告
<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30pt; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">8</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">月上旬，我们深入到郧西县安家乡，通过进村入户、实地查看和走访座谈等方式对安家乡人畜饮水情况进行了调研，现将有关情况报告如下：</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30pt; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; background-color: white;">一、安家乡因地制宜、多措并举解决人畜饮水问题，饮水困难得到初步缓解。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30pt; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; background-color: white;">去年入冬以来，郧西县安家乡遭遇特大旱灾，人畜饮水出现严重困难。市领导在安家乡调研时了解到这一情况，叮嘱郧西县和安家乡，要高度重视群众的饮水问题，把它作为践行群众路线的重要工作迅速抓好落实。按照市领导的要求，安家乡立即派出乡村干部<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">82</span>人，分赴全乡<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">68</span>个村民小组、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3942</span>户村民家中对群众饮水状况进行了调查，全面摸清了全乡用水和水源分布情况，并广泛征求干部群众和相关部门的意见建议，研究制定解决办法。该乡按照“政府牵头、群众参与，摸清底子、突出重点，因地制宜、分类定策，团结互助、共度难关”的思路，在省、市、县有关部门的帮助下，采取宜建则建、宜送则送等方式，共投入<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">105</span>万元，在饮水困难的瓦房沟村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1</span>组、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">7</span>组建成集中供水工程一处，在瓦房沟村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span>组建成大型取水点一个，在卸甲坡村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span>、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">7</span>、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">8</span>组建成供水工程一个，在田坑村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3</span>组、八道河村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2</span>组分别设立临时取水点一个，对神雾岭村供水管道进行了优化。同时对离水源地较远的村组，县城管局、县消防大队以及乡村运水车队送水<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">57</span>车次；对留守老人等特殊群体，通过干部包联、邻里结对等办法解决用水困难。特别是入夏以来，安家乡连降小到中雨，旱情得以缓解，人畜饮水困难也暂时得到缓解。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30pt; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; background-color: white;">二、受客观制约，安家乡群众饮水困难仍然存在，形势依然严峻，从根本上解决问题任重而道远。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30pt; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">安家乡有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">13</span>个行政村，<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">68</span>个村民小组，<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">12284</span>人，调研中了解到，该乡目前人畜饮水主要有以下几种类型：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">一是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">自来水入户且能够保证正常供水的有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">16</span>个村民小组、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4000</span>余人，这部分人主要集中在安家乡政府所在地安家河村、扶贫搬迁安置点及居住地有稳定水源的农户。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">二是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">有自来水供应，但水源水量小，只能间断供水的有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">15</span>个村民小组、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2600</span>人。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">三是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">自来水没有入户，但水源地相对较近，取水不超过<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">500</span>米，主要靠人工挑水的有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">17</span>个村民小组、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3200</span>人。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">四是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">居住分散且距水源地较远，生活用水主要靠肩挑背担车拉，供水十分困难的有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">20</span>个村民小组、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2500</span>人。例如卸甲坡村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">4</span>、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span>、<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span>组，大部分农户不通公路，村民只能挑水，最远要到<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">8</span>里外挑水，半天只能挑<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2</span>趟。在调研中，我们遇到该村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">65</span>岁的杨国洪和妻子（聋哑人）在烈日下，用两轮车艰难地拉着两壶水，往来一次要一个半小时。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">五是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">由于年老体弱，自己不能挑水担水，主要靠别人送水或买水吃的孤寡老人或留守老人有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1600</span>多人。调研中了解到，卸甲坡村有的村民买一壶<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">50</span>斤的水要<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">5</span>元钱，还只够用一天，一个月光水费就要<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">100</span>多元。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">六是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">虽然自来水入户，但由于引水管道腐化损坏或净化消毒不够、饮水存在安全隐患的有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3000</span>多人（与第一类有重复）。这部分人主要集中在安家乡中心集镇，由于集镇的快速发展，现有水厂已经不能满足需要，村民只能饮用经过一级过滤受过污染的河水，县卫生监督部门多次检验均不合格，存在极大的安全隐患。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30pt; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; background-color: white;">三、安家乡群众饮水困难的原因是多方面的，有自然环境因素，也有气候条件因素，导致今年入春以来饮水严重困难最主要原因是去冬今春<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">50</span>年一遇的特大旱灾。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30pt; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">安家乡山大人稀，肩挑背托是传统的取水方式，历史上就是一个饮水比较困难的地方，导致今年饮水特别困难的主要原因有：</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">一是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">特殊的<a name="OLE_LINK1" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 99, 177);">喀斯特地质构造</a>导致地表储水难，可用水源少。安家乡地质情况比较复杂，村与村、山与山之间都有较大差异，但总体上以喀斯特地质构造为主，地质结构相对松散，地表水下渗严重，地表蓄不住水、可用水源少是安家乡饮水困难的重要原因。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">二是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">年降雨量偏少，十年九灾、十灾九旱，特别是去冬今春更甚，遭受<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">50</span>年一遇的特大旱灾。安家乡属北亚热带大陆季风性湿润气候，年最高气温<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">38</span>℃，最低气温－<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">6</span>℃，平均气温<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">17</span>℃，全年无霜期<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">270</span>天，年降水量只有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">600mm</span></span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt;">—</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">780mm</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，降水少且时间、空间分布不均。去年冬天以来，持续干旱近一年，降水量不及往年一半，全乡干枯水井、水窖<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">1200</span>余口，干涸蓄水池<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">(</span>塘<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">)60</span>余处。</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体;">三是</span><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">对饮水安全重视不够，投入不足，安全饮水工程覆盖面偏低。安家乡没有一个规范化自来水厂，约有<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">65%</span>的农户没有吃上自来水，大部分群众饮水要看“老天爷”脸色。有的虽然有优质水源，但没建配套工程设施，导致资源浪费。调研中，我们实地了解到，五龙河上游元门村的五股泉水，水源充足，水质好，只要安装<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">8000</span>米左右的管道，就可解决瓦房沟、田坑、神雾岭<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">3</span>个村<span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">2500</span>余人的安全饮水，但由于无钱投入，只能眼看清泉白哗哗流。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30pt; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 黑体; background-color: white;">四、解决安家乡群众饮水困难，应紧密结合实际，坚持应急与谋远相结合，治标与治本两手抓，切实增强针对性和实效性。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 30pt; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32pt;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; background-color: white;">安家乡是一个山区乡镇，村民居住比较分散，由于历史或现实的原因，村民饮水的方式多种多样，饮水困难的程度也不尽相同，解决饮水问题的方法也应因地制宜、分类定策、注重实效，可采用“五保”的方式给予解决。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32.15pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;">第一，定期送水保应急。</span></b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">针对离水源较远、年老体弱的孤寡老人或者严重干旱的特殊时期，根据群众需要，采取定期送水的方式解决饮水困难。为保证送水的稳定性或长期性，应建立相应的机制制度，特别要有经费保障。可采取政府（村）补助一点、村民交纳一点、部门帮扶一点的方式筹集水费。然后通过市场运作，合理确定水价，进行公开竞争，将送水权承包给公司或个人。这种方式安家乡已有探索，村民李位余每个月给村民送水，但由于有关监督制约机制缺失，运行并不规范，随意性比较大，村民用水没有保障。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun; text-indent: 32.15pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 楷体;"></span></b></span></p>**** Hidden Message *****<p style="margin-bottom: 5px; border: 0px; list-style: none; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 20.833332061767578px; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', SimSun;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 32.5px; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"></span></span></p><p></p> 针对离水源较远、年老体弱的孤寡老人或者严重干旱的特殊时期，根据群众需要，采取定期送水的方式解决饮水困难。
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